Prof Subir Sarkar: Publications

IceCube

IceCube at Oxford

I am a member since 2004 of the IceCube collaboration which discovered cosmic high energy neutrinos and identified some of their astrophysical sources.

IceCube @ Oxford

Chasing Gamma-Ray Signals from Binary Neutron Star Coalescences with the Cherenkov Telescope Array: Prospects and Observing Strategies

The Astrophysical Journal American Astronomical Society 1004:1 (2026) 46

Authors:

S Abe, J Abhir, A Abhishek, F Acero, A Acharyya, R Adam, A Aguasca-Cabot, I Agudo, I Albanese, J Alfaro, C Alispach, R Alves Batista, E Amato, G Ambrosi, D Ambrosino, F Ambrosino, L Angel, C Aramo, A Arbet-Engels, C Arcaro, C Arena, TTH Arnesen, K Asano, H Ashkar, C Bakshi, C Balazs, M Balbo, A Baquero Larriva, V Barbosa Martins, JA Barrio, C Bartolini, I Batković, R Batzofin, N Bavdaz, J Becerra González, G Beck, W Benbow, E Bernardini, MG Bernardini, J Bernete, A Berti, B Bertucci, V Beshley, P Bhattacharjee, S Bhattacharyya, C Bigongiari, A Biland, E Bissaldi, M Blaña, O Blanch, J Blazek, C Boisson, G Bonnoli, Z Bosnjak, E Bottacini, M Böttcher, E Bronzini, G Brunelli, J Buces Sáez, A Bulgarelli, T Bulik, L Burmistrov, PG Calisse, A Campoy-Ordaz, BK Cantlay, G Capasso, A Caproni, R Capuzzo-Dolcetta, M Cardillo, S Caroff, A Carosi, E Carquin, S Casanova, E Cascone, F Cassol, G Castignani, F Catalani, D Cerasole, M Cerruti, A Cerviño Cortínez, PM Chadwick, S Chaty, AW Chen, Y Chen, M Chernyakova, A Chiavassa, G Chon, J Chudoba, L Chytka, GM Cicciari, A Cifuentes Santos, CH Coimbra Araujo, JL Contreras, B Cornejo, J Cortina, A Costa, G Cotter, P Cristofari, O Cuevas, Z Curtis-Ginsberg, A D’Aì, G D’Amico, F D’Ammando, P D’Avanzo, P Da Vela, L David, F Dazzi, M de Bony de Lavergne, V De Caprio, EM de Gouveia Dal Pino, B De Lotto, M de Naurois, V de Souza, L del Peral, MV del Valle, C Delgado, D della Volpe, D Depaoli, A Dettlaff, L Di Bella, T Di Girolamo, A Di Piano, F Di Pierro, R Di Tria, L Di Venere, R Dima, A Dinesh, E Do Souto Espiñeira, D Dominis Prester, A Donini, D Dorner, J Dörner, M Doro, L Ducci, VV Dwarkadas, J Ebr, C Eckner, K Egberts, L Eisenberger, D Elsässer, G Emery, C Escañuela Nieves, P Escarate, M Escobar Godoy, J Escudero Pedrosa, P Esposito, D Falceta-Goncalves, E Fedorova, S Fegan, K Feijen, Q Feng, G Ferrand, E Fiandrini, A Fiasson, M Filipovic, V Fioretti, L Foffano, G Fontaine, F Frías García-Lago, Y Fukazawa, Y Fukui, G Galanti, G Galaz, S Gallozzi, V Gammaldi, S García Soto, M Garczarczyk, C Gasbarra, D Gasparrini, M Gaug, G Ghirlanda, JG Giesbrecht Formiga Paiva, N Giglietto, F Giordano, M Giroletti, R Giuffrida, J-F Glicenstein, P Goldoni, JM González, J Goulart Coelho, T Gradetzke, J Granot, R Grau, D Green, JG Green, J Grube, J Hackfeld, D Hadasch, A Hahn, P Hamal, W Hanlon, S Hara, VM Harvey, T Hassan, K Hayashi, B Hess, L Heckmann, N Hiroshima, B Hnatyk, R Hnatyk, D Horan, P Horvath, D Hrupec, S Hussain, M Iarlori, T Inada, F Incardona, S Inoue, F Iocco, A Iuliano, Jahanvi, M Jamrozy, P Janecek, F Jankowsky, C Jarnot, I Jaroschewski, P Jean, V Jilek, I Jiménez Martínez, J Jimenez Quiles, W Jin, E Joshi, J Jurysek, V Karas, H Katagiri, J Kataoka, S Kaufmann, T Keita, D Kerszberg, M Kherlakian, DB Kieda, R Kissmann, T Kleiner, Y Kobayashi, K Kohri, D Kolar, N Komin, A Kong, K Kosack, D Kostunin, G Kowal, H Kubo, J Kushida, A La Barbera, N La Palombara, B Lacave, M Láinez, A Lamastra, J Lapington, S Lazarević, J-P Lenain, F Leone, E Leonora, G Leto, E Lindfors, S Lombardi, F Longo, R López-Coto, M López-Moya, A López-Oramas, J Lozano Bahilo, PL Luque-Escamilla, E Lyard, O Macias, P Majumdar, M Makariev, D Mandat, S Mangano, A Marchetti, M Mariotti, S Markoff, I Márquez, G Marsella, J Martí, D Martín Domínguez, M Martínez, O Martinez, G Maurin, D Mazin, D Melkumyan, S Menon, E Mestre, DM-A Meyer, D Miceli, M Miceli, M Michailidis, T Miener, JM Miranda, R Moderski, M Molero, C Molfese, E Molina, K Morik, A Morselli, E Moulin, AL Müller, K Munari, T Murach, A Muraczewski, H Muraishi, T Nakamori, L Nava, R Nemmen, J Niemiec, D Nieto, M Nievas Rosillo, M Nikołajuk, L Nikolić, K Noda, D Nosek, V Novotny, S Nozaki, A Okumura, RA Ong, R Orito, M Orlandini, E Orlando, S Orlando, J Otero-Santos, I Oya, M Ozlati Moghadam, A Pagliaro, M Palatiello, A Pandey, G Panebianco, D Paneque, FR Pantaleo, JM Paredes, B Patricelli, A Pe’er, M Pech, M Pecimotika, M Peresano, E Peretti, J Pérez-Romero, G Peron, F Perrotta, M Persic, O Petruk, F Pfeifle, E Pietropaolo, M Pihet, L Pinchbeck, F Pintore, G Pirola, C Pittori, F Podobnik, M Pohl, V Pollet, G Ponti, E Prandini, G Principe, M Prouza, E Pueschel, G Pühlhofer, ML Pumo, M Punch, A Quirrenbach, S Rainò, R Rando, S Recchia, A Reimer, O Reimer, I Reis, A Reisenegger, W Rhode, M Ribó, C Ricci, T Richtler, J Rico, L Riitano, V Rizi, E Roache, G Rodriguez Fernandez, JJ Rodríguez-Vázquez, P Romano, G Romeo, J Rosado, A Rosales de Leon, A Roy, I Sadeh, L Saha, T Saito, M Sánchez-Conde, P Sangiorgi, H Sano, R Santos-Lima, V Sapienza, S Sarkar, FG Saturni, A Scherer, F Schiavone, P Schipani, P Schovanek, F Schussler, M Seglar Arroyo, O Sergijenko, H Siejkowski, A Simongini, V Sliusar, A Slowikowska, I Sofia, H Sol, S Spinello, A Stamerra, S Stanič, T Starecki, R Starling, Ł Stawarz, T Stolarczyk, Y Suda, A Sunny, T Suomijarvi, R Takeishi, SJ Tanaka, F Tavecchio, T Tavernier, Y Terada, M Teshima, V Testa, WW Tian, Y Tian, L Tibaldo, O Tibolla, SJ Tingay, CJ Todero Peixoto, F Tombesi, D Tonev, F Torradeflot, DF Torres, N Tothill, G Tovmassian, G Tripodo, A Trois, A Tsiahina, A Tutone, L Vaclavek, M Vacula, C van Eldik, J Vandenbroucke, V Vassiliev, M Vázquez Acosta, M Vecchi, S Vercellone, SD Vergani, I Viale, A Viana, A Vigliano, J Vignatti, CF Vigorito, J Villanueva, E Visentin, V Voitsekhovskyi, S Vorobiov, I Vovk, T Vuillaume, R Walter, M Wechakama, M White, A Wierzcholska, M Will, F Wohlleben, A Wolter, F Xotta, T Yamamoto, R Yamazaki, T Yoshikoshi, M Zacharias, G Zaharijas, R Zanmar Sanchez, D Zavrtanik, M Zavrtanik, A Zech, VI Zhdanov, M Živec, J Zuriaga-Puig, A Colombo

Abstract:

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from a binary neutron star (BNS) merger by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (GW170817), together with its electromagnetic counterpart, the short gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A, heralded the birth of multimessenger astronomy. The detection of TeV emission from GRBs motivates follow-up observations with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), which is ideal for detecting such signals due to its unprecedented sensitivity, rapid response, and wide-field survey capabilities. The aim of this work is to evaluate GeV–TeV GW follow-up strategies for CTAO using a multistep simulation pipeline and to estimate the expected rate of joint GW–GRB detections during observing run O5. Using a simulated sample of BNS systems with corresponding GW detections, gamma-ray emission is simulated through phenomenological prescriptions based on the observed population of short GRBs, including off-axis jet scenarios. CTAO observations are simulated to account for instrument response, sky tiling strategies, integration times, and varying observing conditions. Strategies with variable and constant integration times are investigated. We find that, via an optimized follow-up strategy, about 5% of simulated GW-associated short GRBs produce GeV–TeV radiation detectable by CTAO. Detectability is strongly influenced by the jet opening angle and viewing angle, suggesting that even rough estimates of the viewing angle in GW alerts could enhance targeting. This framework motivates future follow-ups of GW-detectable events, including neutron star–black hole mergers, and further supports the development of advanced strategies incorporating galaxy distributions and synergies with future detectors such as the Einstein Telescope.

Pantheon+ supernovae corrected for progenitor age indicate the universe is decelerating

(2026)

Authors:

Animesh Sah, Mohamed Rameez, Subir Sarkar

IceCube Second Track Data Release IceTracks-DR2: Data from 2008-2022 for Neutrino Source Searches

(2026)

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, JM Alameddine, S Ali, NM Amin, K Andeen, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Athanasiadou, SN Axani, R Babu, X Bai, A Balagopal V., SW Barwick, V Basu, R Bay, JJ Beatty, J Becker Tjus, P Behrens, J Beise, C Bellenghi, S Benkel, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, E Blaufuss, L Bloom, S Blot, F Bontempo, JY Book Motzkin, C Boscolo Meneguolo, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, J Braun, B Brinson, Z Brisson-Tsavoussis, RT Burley, D Butterfield, K Carloni, J Carpio, N Chau, YC Chen, Z Chen, D Chirkin, S Choi, A Chubarov, BA Clark, GH Collin, DA Coloma Borja, A Connolly, JM Conrad, DF Cowen, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, D Delgado, T Delmeulle, S Deng, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, T DeYoung, JC Díaz-Vélez, S DiKerby, T Ding, M Dittmer, A Domi, L Draper, L Dueser, D Durnford, K Dutta, MA DuVernois, T Ehrhardt, L Eidenschink, A Eimer, C Eldridge, P Eller, E Ellinger, D Elsässer, R Engel, H Erpenbeck, W Esmail, S Eulig, J Evans, PA Evenson, KL Fan, K Fang, K Farrag, AR Fazely, A Fedynitch, N Feigl, C Finley, D Fox, A Franckowiak, S Fukami, P Fürst, J Gallagher, E Ganster, A Garcia, M Garcia, E Genton, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, C Glaser, T Glüsenkamp, JG Gonzalez, S Goswami, A Granados, D Grant, SJ Gray, S Griffin, KM Groth, D Guevel, C Günther, P Gutjahr, C Ha, A Hallgren, L Halve, F Halzen, L Hamacher, M Handt, K Hanson, J Hardin, AA Harnisch, P Hatch, A Haungs, J Häußler, K Helbing, J Hellrung, B Henke, L Hennig, F Henningsen, L Heuermann, R Hewett, N Heyer, S Hickford, A Hidvegi, C Hill, GC Hill, R Hmaid, KD Hoffman, A Hollnagel, D Hooper, S Hori, K Hoshina, M Hostert, W Hou, M Hrywniak, T Huber, K Hultqvist, K Hymon, A Ishihara, W Iwakiri, M Jacquart, S Jain, O Janik, M Jansson, M Jin, N Kamp, D Kang, W Kang, A Kappes, L Kardum, T Karg, A Karle, A Katil, M Kauer, JL Kelley, M Khanal, A Khatee Zathul, A Kheirandish, T Kim, H Kimku, F Kirchner, J Kiryluk, C Klein, SR Klein, Y Kobayashi, S Koch, A Kochocki, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, T Kontrimas, L Köpke, C Kopper, DJ Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kowalski, T Kozynets, A Kravka, N Krieger, T Krishnan, K Kruiswijk, E Krupczak, A Kumar, E Kun, N Kurahashi, C Lagunas Gualda, L Lallement Arnaud, MJ Larson, F Lauber, JP Lazar, K Leonard DeHolton, A Leszczyńska, C Li, J Liao, C Lin, QR Liu, YT Liu, M Liubarska, C Love, L Lu, F Lucarelli, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, M Macdonald, E Magnus, Y Makino, E Manao, S Mancina, A Mand, IC Mariş, S Marka, Z Marka, L Marten, I Martinez-Soler, R Maruyama, J Mauro, F Mayhew, F McNally, K Meagher, A Medina, M Meier, Y Merckx, L Merten, J Mitchell, L Molchany, S Mondal, T Montaruli, RW Moore, Y Morii, A Mosbrugger, D Mousadi, E Moyaux, T Mukherjee, M Nakos, U Naumann, L Neste, M Neumann, H Niederhausen, MU Nisa, K Noda, A Noell, A Novikov, A Obertacke, V O'Dell, A Olivas, R Orsoe, J Osborn, E O'Sullivan, B Owens, V Palusova, H Pandya, A Parenti, N Park, V Parrish, EN Paudel, L Paul, C Pérez de los Heros, T Pernice, TC Petersen, J Peterson, S Pick, M Plum, A Pontén, V Poojyam, B Pries, R Procter-Murphy, GT Przybylski, L Pyras, C Raab, J Rack-Helleis, N Rad, M Ravn, K Rawlins, Z Rechav, A Rehman, I Reistroffer, E Resconi, CD Rho, W Rhode, L Ricca, B Riedel, A Rifaie, EJ Roberts, S Rodan, M Rongen, A Rosted, C Rott, T Ruhe, L Ruohan, D Ryckbosch, J Saffer, D Salazar-Gallegos, P Sampathkumar, A Sandrock, G Sanger-Johnson, M Santander, S Sarkar, M Scarnera, M Schaufel, H Schieler, S Schindler, L Schlickmann, B Schlüter, F Schlüter, N Schmeisser, T Schmidt, A Scholz, FG Schröder, S Schwirn, S Sclafani, D Seckel, L Seen, M Seikh, S Seunarine, PA Sevle Myhr, R Shah, S Shah, S Shefali, N Shimizu, B Skrzypek, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, D Soldin, P Soldin, G Sommani, D Song, C Spannfellner, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, T Stezelberger, T Stürwald, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, I Taboada, S Ter-Antonyan, A Terliuk, A Thakuri, M Thiesmeyer, WG Thompson, J Thwaites, S Tilav, K Tollefson, JA Torres, S Toscano, D Tosi, K Upshaw, A Vaidyanathan, N Valtonen-Mattila, J Valverde, J Vandenbroucke, T Van Eeden, N van Eijndhoven, L Van Rootselaar, J van Santen, J Vara, F Varsi, M Venugopal, M Vereecken, S Vergara Carrasco, S Verpoest, D Veske, A Vijai, J Villarreal, C Walck, A Wang, EHS Warrick, C Weaver, P Weigel, A Weindl, J Weldert, AY Wen, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, N Whitehorn, CH Wiebusch, DR Williams, L Witthaus, G Wrede, XW Xu, JP Yanez, Y Yao, E Yildizci, S Yoshida, R Young, F Yu, S Yu, T Yuan, S Yun-Cárcamo, A Zander Jurowitzki, A Zegarelli, S Zhang, Z Zhang, P Zhelnin, P Zilberman, C Zilleruelo Cañas

Deep Search for Joint Sources of Gravitational Waves and High-energy Neutrinos with IceCube during the Third Observing Run of LIGO and Virgo

The Astrophysical Journal American Astronomical Society 1003:1 (2026) 41

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, SK Agarwalla, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, JM Alameddine, S Ali, NM Amin, K Andeen, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Athanasiadou, SN Axani, R Babu, X Bai, J Baines-Holmes, A Balagopal V., SW Barwick, S Bash, V Basu, R Bay, JJ Beatty, J Becker Tjus, P Behrens

Abstract:

The discovery of joint sources of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves has been a primary target for the LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and IceCube observatories. The joint detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves would provide insight into cosmic processes, from the dynamics of compact object mergers and stellar collapses to the mechanisms driving relativistic outflows. The joint detection of multiple cosmic messengers can also elevate the significance of the common observation even when some or all of the constituent messengers are subthreshold, i.e., not significant enough to declare their detection individually. Using data from the LIGO, Virgo, and IceCube observatories, including subthreshold events, we searched for common sources of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos during the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Our search did not identify significant joint sources. We derive constraints on the rate densities of joint sources. Our results constrain the isotropic neutrino emission from gravitational-wave sources for very high values of the total energy emitted in neutrinos (>1052–1054 erg).

Sensitivity Projections for Low-Mass Dark Matter Annihilation with the IceCube Upgrade

(2026)

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