51�������

Abstract:

We present the observed H I size–mass relation of 204 galaxies from the MIGHTEE Survey Early Science data. The high sensitivity of MeerKAT allows us to detect galaxies spanning more than 4 orders of magnitude in H I mass, ranging from dwarf galaxies to massive spirals, and including all morphological types. This is the first time the relation has been explored on a blind homogeneous data set that extends over a previously unexplored redshift range of 0 < z < 0.084, i.e. a period of around one billion years in cosmic time. The sample follows the same tight logarithmic relation derived from previous work, between the diameter (⁠DHI⁠) and the mass (⁠MHI⁠) of H I discs. We measure a slope of 0.501 ± 0.008, an intercept of −3.252+0.073−0.074⁠, and an observed scatter of 0.057 dex. For the first time, we quantify the intrinsic scatter of 0.054 ± 0.003 dex (⁠∼10 per cent⁠), which provides a constraint for cosmological simulations of galaxy formation and evolution. We derive the relation as a function of galaxy type and find that their intrinsic scatters and slopes are consistent within the errors. We also calculate the DHI−MHI relation for two redshift bins and do not find any evidence for evolution with redshift. These results suggest that over a period of one billion years in look-back time, galaxy discs have not undergone significant evolution in their gas distribution and mean surface mass density, indicating a lack of dependence on both morphological type and redshift.

Abstract:

Abstract The energy response of the ATLAS calorimeter is measured for single charged pions with transverse momentum in the range $$10<p_\text {T}<300$$ 10 < p T < 300 GeV. The measurement is performed using 139 $$\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 of LHC proton–proton collision data at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ s = 13 TeV taken in Run 2 by the ATLAS detector. Charged pions originating from $$\tau $$ τ -lepton decays are used to provide a sample of high- $$p_{\text {T}}$$ p T isolated particles, where the composition is known, to test an energy regime that has not previously been probed by in situ single-particle measurements. The calorimeter response to single-pions is observed to be overestimated by $${\sim }2\%$$ ∼ 2 % across a large part of the $$p_{\text {T}}$$ p T spectrum in the central region and underestimated by $${\sim }4\%$$ ∼ 4 % in the endcaps in the ATLAS simulation. The uncertainties in the measurements are $${\lesssim }1\%$$ ≲ 1 % for $$15<p_\text {T}<185$$ 15 < p T < 185 GeV in the central region. To investigate the source of the discrepancies, the width of the distribution of the ratio of calorimeter energy to track momentum, the energies per layer and response in the hadronic calorimeter are also compared between data and simulation.

Abstract:

Monte Carlo simulations are a crucial component when analysing the Standard Model and New physics processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper aims to explore the use of generative models for increasing the statistics of Monte Carlo simulations in the final stage of data analysis by generating synthetic data that follows the same kinematic distributions for a limited set of analysis-specific observables to a high precision. Several state-of-the-art generative machine learning algorithms are adapted to this task, best performance is demonstrated by the normalizing flow architectures, which are capable of fast generation of an arbitrary number of new events. As an example of analysis-specific Monte Carlo simulated data, a well-known benchmark sample containing the Higgs boson production beyond the Standard Model and the corresponding irreducible background is used. The applicability of normalizing flows with different model parameters and numbers of initial events used in training is investigated. The resulting event distributions are compared with the original Monte Carlo distributions using statistical tests and a simplified statistical analysis to evaluate their similarity and quality of reproduction required in a physics analysis environment in a systematic way.Comment: 28 pages, 22 figure

Abstract:

Abstract The design and performance of the inner detector trigger for the high level trigger of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider during the 2016–2018 data taking period is discussed. In 2016, 2017, and 2018 the ATLAS detector recorded $$35.6~\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ 35.6 fb - 1 , $$46.9~\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ 46.9 fb - 1 , and $$60.6~\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ 60.6 fb - 1 respectively of proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. In order to deal with the very high interaction multiplicities per bunch crossing expected with the 13 TeV collisions the inner detector trigger was redesigned during the long shutdown of the Large Hadron Collider from 2013 until 2015. An overview of these developments is provided and the performance of the tracking in the trigger for the muon, electron, tau and b -jet signatures is discussed. The high performance of the inner detector trigger with these extreme interaction multiplicities demonstrates how the inner detector tracking continues to lie at the heart of the trigger performance and is essential in enabling the ATLAS physics programme.

Abstract:

We consider a model where the electroweak symmetry breaking is driven by strong dynamics, resulting in an electroweak doublet scalar condensate, and transmitted to the standard model matter fields via another electroweak doublet scalar. At low energies the effective theory therefore shares features with a type-I two Higgs doublet model. However, important differences arise due to the rich composite spectrum expected to contain new vector resonances accessible at the LHC. We carry out a systematic analysis of the vector resonance signals at LHC and find that the model remains viable, but will be tightly constrained by direct searches as the projected integrated luminosity, around 200 fb(-1), of the current run becomes available.Peer reviewe