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Abstract:

This paper reports a measurement by the T2K experiment of the ν μ charged current quasielastic (CCQE) cross section on a carbon target with the off-axis detector based on the observed distribution of muon momentum ( p μ ) and angle with respect to the incident neutrino beam ( θ μ ). The flux-integrated CCQE cross section was measured to be ⟨ σ ⟩ = ( 0.83 ± 0.12 ) × 10 − 38     cm 2 . The energy dependence of the CCQE cross section is also reported. The axial mass, M QE A , of the dipole axial form factor was extracted assuming the Smith-Moniz CCQE model with a relativistic Fermi gas nuclear model. Using the absolute (shape-only) p μ − cos θ μ distribution, the effective M QE A parameter was measured to be 1.2 6 + 0.21 − 0.18     GeV / c 2 ( 1.4 3 + 0.28 − 0.22     GeV / c 2 ).

Abstract:

We reconstruct the power spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations by applying a well-validated non-parametric technique employing Tikhonov regularisation to the first data release from the Planck satellite. To improve the reconstruction on small spatial scales we include data from the ground-based ACT and SPT experiments, the WiggleZ galaxy redshift survey, the CFHTLenS tomographic weak lensing survey, and spectral analysis of the Lyman-α forest. The reconstructed scalar spectrum (assuming the standard ΛCDM cosmology) is not scale-free but has an infrared cutoff at k ≲ 5 × 10-4 Mpc-1 and several (2-3)σ features, of which two at wavenumber k/Mpc-1 0.0018 and 0.057 had been seen already in WMAP data. A higher significance feature at k ∼ 0.12 Mpc-1 is indicated by Planck data, but may be sensitive to the systematic uncertainty around multipole ℓ ∼ 1800 in the 217×217 GHz cross-spectrum. In any case accounting for the 'look elsewhere' effect decreases its global significance to ∼2σ.

Abstract:

Physics World's 'Book of the Year' for 2016. An Entertaining and Enlightening Guide to the Who, What, and Why of String Theory, now also available in an updated reflowable electronic format compatible with mobile devices and e-readers. During the last 50 years, numerous physicists have tried to unravel the secrets of string theory. Yet why do these scientists work on a theory lacking experimental confirmation? Why String Theory? provides the answer, offering a highly readable and accessible panorama of the who, what, and why of this large aspect of modern theoretical physics. The author, a theoretical physics professor at the University of Oxford and a leading string theorist, explains what string theory is and where it originated. He describes how string theory fits into physics and why so many physicists and mathematicians find it appealing when working on topics from M-theory to monsters and from cosmology to superconductors.