LUX-ZEPLIN

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The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

(2025)

Authors:

XLZD Collaboration, J Aalbers, K Abe, M Adrover, S Ahmed Maouloud, DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, L Althueser, DWP Amaral, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, B Andrieu, N Angelides, E Angelino, B Antunovic, E Aprile, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, M Babicz, A Baker, M Balzer, J Bang, E Barberio, JW Bargemann, E Barillier, A Basharina-Freshville, L Baudis, D Bauer, M Bazyk, K Beattie, N Beaupere, NF Bell, L Bellagamba, T Benson, A Bhatti, TP Biesiadzinski, R Biondi, Y Biondi, HJ Birch, E Bishop, A Bismark, C Boehm, K Boese, A Bolotnikov, P Brás, R Braun, A Breskin, CAJ Brew, S Brommer, A Brown, G Bruni, R Budnik, S Burdin, C Cai, C Capelli, G Carini, MC Carmona-Benitez, M Carter, A Chauvin, A Chawla, H Chen, JJ Cherwinka, YT Chin, NI Chott, AP Cimental Chavez, K Clark, AP Colijn, DJ Colling, J Conrad, MV Converse, LJ Cooper, R Coronel, D Costanzo, A Cottle, G Cox, JJ Cuenca-García, D Curran, D Cussans, V D'Andrea, LC Daniel Garcia, I Darlington, S Dave, A David, GJ Davies, MP Decowski, A Deisting, J Delgaudio, S Dey, C Di Donato, L Di Felice, P Di Gangi, S Diglio, C Ding, JEY Dobson, M Doerenkamp, G Drexlin, E Druszkiewicz, CL Dunbar, K Eitel, A Elykov, R Engel, SR Eriksen, S Fayer, NM Fearon, AD Ferella, C Ferrari, N Fieldhouse, H Fischer, H Flaecher, T Flehmke, M Flierman, ED Fraser, TMA Fruth, K Fujikawa, W Fulgione, C Fuselli, P Gaemers, R Gaior, RJ Gaitskell, N Gallice, M Galloway, F Gao, N Garroum, A Geffre, J Genovesi, C Ghag, S Ghosh, R Giacomobono, R Gibbons, F Girard, R Glade-Beucke, F Glück, S Gokhale, L Grandi, J Green, J Grigat, MGD van der Grinten, R Größle, H Guan, M Guida, P Gyorgy, JJ Haiston, CR Hall, T Hall, R Hammann, V Hannen, S Hansmann-Menzemer, N Hargittai, E Hartigan-O'Connor, SJ Haselschwardt, M Hernandez, SA Hertel, A Higuera, C Hils, K Hiraoka, L Hoetzsch, M Hoferichter, GJ Homenides, NF Hood, M Horn, DQ Huang, S Hughes, D Hunt, M Iacovacci, Y Itow, E Jacquet, J Jakob, RS James, F Joerg, S Jones, AC Kaboth, F Kahlert, AC Kamaha, Y Kaminaga, M Kara, P Kavrigin, S Kazama, M Keller, P Kemp-Russell, D Khaitan, P Kharbanda, B Kilminster, J Kim, R Kirk, M Kleifges, M Klute, M Kobayashi, D Kodroff, D Koke, A Kopec, EV Korolkova, H Kraus, S Kravitz, L Kreczko, B von Krosigk, VA Kudryavtsev, F Kuger, N Kurita, H Landsman, RF Lang, C Lawes, J Lee, B Lehnert, DS Leonard, KT Lesko, L Levinson, A Li, I Li, S Li, S Liang, Z Liang, J Lin, Y-T Lin, S Lindemann, S Linden, M Lindner, A Lindote, WH Lippincott, K Liu, J Loizeau, F Lombardi, JAM Lopes, MI Lopes, W Lorenzon, M Loutit, C Lu, GM Lucchetti, T Luce, S Luitz, Y Ma, C Macolino, J Mahlstedt, B Maier, PA Majewski, A Manalaysay, A Mancuso, L Manenti, RL Mannino, F Marignetti, T Marley, T Marrodán Undagoitia, K Martens, J Masbou, E Masson, S Mastroianni, C Maupin, V Mazza, C McCabe, ME McCarthy, DN McKinsey, JB McLaughlin, A Melchiorre, J Menéndez, M Messina, EH Miller, B Milosovic, S Milutinovic, K Miuchi, R Miyata, E Mizrachi, A Molinario, CMB Monteiro, ME Monzani, K Morå, S Moriyama, E Morrison, E Morteau, Y Mosbacher, BJ Mount, J Müller, M Murdy, A St J Murphy, M Murra, A Naylor, HN Nelson, F Neves, JL Newstead, A Nguyen, K Ni, J O'Dell, C O'Hare, U Oberlack, M Obradovic, I Olcina, KC Oliver-Mallory, GD Orebi Gann, J Orpwood, S Ouahada, K Oyulmaz, B Paetsch, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, Y Pan, M Pandurovic, NJ Pannifer, S Paramesvaran, SJ Patton, Q Pellegrini, B Penning, G Pereira, R Peres, E Perry, T Pershing, F Piastra, J Pienaar, A Piepke, M Pierre, G Plante, TR Pollmann, F Pompa, L Principe, J Qi, K Qiao, Y Qie, J Qin, S Radeka, V Radeka, M Rajado, D Ramírez García, A Ravindran, A Razeto, J Reichenbacher, CA Rhyne, A Richards, GRC Rischbieter, HS Riyat, R Rosero, A Roy, T Rushton, D Rynders, R Saakyan, L Sanchez, P Sanchez-Lucas, D Santone, JMF dos Santos, G Sartorelli, ABMR Sazzad, A Scaffidi, RW Schnee, J Schreiner, P Schulte, H Schulze Eißing, M Schumann, A Schwenck, A Schwenk, L Scotto Lavina, M Selvi, F Semeria, P Shagin, S Sharma, S Shaw, W Shen, L Sherman, S Shi, SY Shi, T Shimada, T Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, H Simgen, G Sinev, R Singh, J Siniscalco, M Solmaz, VN Solovov, Z Song, P Sorensen, J Soria, O Stanley, M Steidl, T Stenhouse, A Stevens, K Stifter, TJ Sumner, A Takeda, P-L Tan, DJ Taylor, WC Taylor, D Thers, T Thümmler, DR Tiedt, F Tönnies, Z Tong, F Toschi, DR Tovey, J Tranter, M Trask, G Trinchero, M Tripathi, DR Tronstad, R Trotta, CD Tunnell, P Urquijo, A Usón, M Utoyama, AC Vaitkus, O Valentino, K Valerius, S Vecchi, V Velan, S Vetter, L de Viveiros, G Volta, D Vorkapic, A Wang, JJ Wang, Y Wang, D Waters, KM Weerman, C Weinheimer, M Weiss, D Wenz, TJ Whitis, K Wild, M Williams, M Wilson, ST Wilson, C Wittweg, J Wolf, FLH Wolfs, S Woodford, D Woodward, M Worcester, CJ Wright, VHS Wu, S Wüstling, M Wurm, Q Xia, Y Xing, D Xu, J Xu, Y Xu, Z Xu, M Yamashita, L Yang, J Ye, M Yeh, B Yu, G Zavattini, W Zha, M Zhong, K Zuber

The XLZD Design Book: towards the next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

The European Physical Journal C SpringerOpen 85:10 (2025) 1192

Authors:

J Aalbers, K Abe, M Adrover, S Ahmed Maouloud, DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, L Althueser, DWP Amaral, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, B Andrieu, N Angelides, E Angelino, B Antunovic, E Aprile, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, M Babicz, A Baker, M Balzer, J Bang, E Barberio

Abstract:

This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for XLZD, the next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. In the baseline design, the detector will have an active liquid xenon target of 60 tonnes, which could be increased to 80 tonnes if the market conditions for xenon are favorable. It is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology used in current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. The report discusses the baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3σ evidence potential for WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as 3×10-49cm2 (at 40 GeV/c2 WIMP mass). The observatory will also have leading sensitivity to a wide range of alternative dark matter models. It is projected to have a 3σ observation potential of neutrinoless double beta decay of 136Xe at a half-life of up to 5.7×1027 years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the sun and galactic supernovae.

51ÁÔÆæÈë¿Ú of few-electron backgrounds in the LUX-ZEPLIN detector

ArXiv 2510.065 (2025)

Authors:

DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, BJ Almquist, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, A Baker, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, EE Barillier, K Beattie, T Benson, A Bhatti, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, E Bishop, GM Blockinger, B Boxer, CAJ Brew, P Brás, S Burdin, MC Carmona-Benitez, M Carter, A Chawla, H Chen, YT Chin, NI Chott, S Contreras, MV Converse, R Coronel, A Cottle, G Cox, D Curran, CE Dahl, I Darlington, S Dave, A David, J Delgaudio, S Dey, L de Viveiros, L Di Felice, C Ding, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, S Dubey, CL Dunbar, SR Eriksen, A Fan, NM Fearon, N Fieldhouse, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, ED Fraser, TMA Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, A Geffre, J Genovesi, C Ghag, A Ghosh, S Ghosh, R Gibbons, S Gokhale, J Green, MGD van der Grinten, JJ Haiston, CR Hall, T Hall, SJ Haselschwardt, MA Hernandez, SA Hertel, GJ Homenides, M Horn, DQ Huang, D Hunt, E Jacquet, RS James, K Jenkins, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, MK Kannichankandy, D Khaitan, A Khazov, J Kim, YD Kim, J Kingston, D Kodroff, EV Korolkova, H Kraus, S Kravitz, L Kreczko, VA Kudryavtsev, C Lawes, DS Leonard, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Lin, A Lindote, WH Lippincott, J Long, MI Lopes, W Lorenzon, C Lu, S Luitz, PA Majewski, A Manalaysay, RL Mannino, C Maupin, ME McCarthy, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, JB McLaughlin, R McMonigle, B Mitra, E Mizrachi, ME Monzani, E Morrison, BJ Mount, M Murdy, A St J Murphy, HN Nelson, F Neves, A Nguyen, CL O'Brien, FH O'Shea, I Olcina, KC Oliver-Mallory, J Orpwood, KY Oyulmaz, KJ Palladino, NJ Pannifer, N Parveen, SJ Patton, B Penning, G Pereira, E Perry, T Pershing, A Piepke, SS Poudel, Y Qie, J Reichenbacher, CA Rhyne, GRC Rischbieter, E Ritchey, HS Riyat, R Rosero, T Rushton, D Rynders, S Saltão, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, G Sehr, B Shafer, S Shaw, K Shi, T Shutt, C Silva, G Sinev, J Siniscalco, AM Slivar, R Smith, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, J Soria, A Stevens, TJ Sumner, A Swain, M Szydagis, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, Z Tong, DR Tovey, J Tranter, M Trask, K Trengove, M Tripathi, A Usón, AC Vaitkus, O Valentino, V Velan, A Wang, JJ Wang, Y Wang, L Weeldreyer, TJ Whitis, K Wild, M Williams, J Winnicki, L Wolf, FLH Wolfs, S Woodford, D Woodward, CJ Wright, Q Xia, J Xu, Y Xu, M Yeh, D Yeum, W Zha, H Zhang, T Zhang

Low-energy nuclear recoil calibration of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment with a photoneutron source

ArXiv 2509.16281 (2025)

Authors:

J Aalbers, DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, A Baker, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, EE Barillier, K Beattie, T Benson, A Bhatti, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, E Bishop, GM Blockinger, B Boxer, CAJ Brew, P Brás, S Burdin, MC Carmona-Benitez, M Carter, A Chawla, H Chen, YT Chin, NI Chott, NI Chott, MV Converse, S Contreras, R Coronel, A Cottle, G Cox, D Curran, CE Dahl, I Darlington, S Dave, A David, J Delgaudio, S Dey, L de Viveiros, L Di Felice, C Ding, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, S Dubey, CL Dunbar, SR Eriksen, A Fan, NM Fearon, N Fieldhouse, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, ED Fraser, TMA Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, A Geffre, J Genovesi, C Ghag, A Ghosh, R Gibbons, S Gokhale, J Green, MGD van der Grinten, JJ Haiston, CR Hall, T Hall, S Han, E Hartigan-O'Connor, SJ Haselschwardt, MA Hernandez, SA Hertel, GJ Homenides, M Horn, DQ Huang, D Hunt, E Jacquet, RS James, MK K, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, D Khaitan, A Khazov, J Kim, YD Kim, J Kingston, R Kirk, D Kodroff, EV Korolkova, H Kraus, S Kravitz, L Kreczko, VA Kudryavtsev, C Lawes, DS Leonard, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Lin, A Lindote, WH Lippincott, J Long, MI Lopes, W Lorenzon, C Lu, S Luitz, PA Majewski, A Manalaysay, RL Mannino, C Maupin, ME McCarthy, G McDowell, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, JB Mclaughlin, R McMonigle, B Mitra, E Mizrachi, ME Monzani, E Morrison, BJ Mount, M Murdy, A St J Murphy, HN Nelson, F Neves, A Nguyen, CL O'Brien, I Olcina, KC Oliver-Mallory, J Orpwood, KY Oyulmaz, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, NJ Pannifer, N Parveen, SJ Patton, B Penning, G Pereira, E Perry, T Pershing, A Piepke, Y Qie, J Reichenbacher, CA Rhyne, GRC Rischbieter, E Ritchey, HS Riyat, R Rosero, T Rushton, D Rynders, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, G Sehr, B Shafer, S Shaw, K Shi, T Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, G Sinev, J Siniscalco, AM Slivar, R Smith, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, J Soria, I Stancu, A Stevens, TJ Sumner, A Swain, M Szydagis, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, Z Tong, DR Tovey, J Tranter, M Trask, M Tripathi, K Trengrove, A Usón, AC Vaitkus, O Valentino, V Velan, A Wang, JJ Wang, Y Wang, L Weeldreyer, TJ Whitis, K Wild, M Williams, WJ Wisniewski, L Wolf, FLH Wolfs, S Woodford, D Woodward, CJ Wright, Q Xia, J Xu, Y Xu, M Yeh, D Yeum, W Zha, H Zhang, T Zhang

Flow-dependent tagging of $^{214}$Pb decays in the LZ dark matter detector

ArXiv 2508.19117 (2025)

Authors:

J Aalbers, DS Akerib, AK Al Musalhi, F Alder, CS Amarasinghe, A Ames, TJ Anderson, N Angelides, HM Araújo, JE Armstrong, M Arthurs, A Baker, S Balashov, J Bang, JW Bargemann, EE Barillier, K Beattie, T Benson, A Bhatti, TP Biesiadzinski, HJ Birch, E Bishop, GM Blockinger, B Boxer, CAJ Brew, P Brás, S Burdin, MC Carmona-Benitez, M Carter, A Chawla, H Chen, YT Chin, NI Chott, MV Converse, R Coronel, A Cottle, G Cox, D Curran, CE Dahl, I Darlington, S Dave, A David, J Delgaudio, S Dey, L de Viveiros, L Di Felice, C Ding, JEY Dobson, E Druszkiewicz, S Dubey, CL Dunbar, SR Eriksen, A Fan, NM Fearon, N Fieldhouse, S Fiorucci, H Flaecher, ED Fraser, TMA Fruth, RJ Gaitskell, A Geffre, J Genovesi, C Ghag, A Ghosh, R Gibbons, S Gokhale, J Green, MGD van der Grinten, JJ Haiston, CR Hall, T Hall, S Han, E Hartigan-O'Connor, SJ Haselschwardt, MA Hernandez, SA Hertel, GJ Homenides, M Horn, DQ Huang, D Hunt, E Jacquet, RS James, MK K, AC Kaboth, AC Kamaha, D Khaitan, A Khazov, J Kim, YD Kim, J Kingston, R Kirk, D Kodroff, EV Korolkova, H Kraus, S Kravitz, L Kreczko, VA Kudryavtsev, C Lawes, DS Leonard, KT Lesko, C Levy, J Lin, A Lindote, WH Lippincott, J Long, MI Lopes, W Lorenzon, C Lu, S Luitz, PA Majewski, A Manalaysay, RL Mannino, C Maupin, ME McCarthy, G McDowell, DN McKinsey, J McLaughlin, JB Mclaughlin, R McMonigle, B Mitra, E Mizrachi, ME Monzani, E Morrison, BJ Mount, M Murdy, A St J Murphy, HN Nelson, F Neves, A Nguyen, CL O'Brien, I Olcina, KC Oliver-Mallory, J Orpwood, KY Oyulmaz, KJ Palladino, J Palmer, NJ Pannifer, N Parveen, SJ Patton, B Penning, G Pereira, E Perry, T Pershing, A Piepke, SS Poudel, Y Qie, J Reichenbacher, CA Rhyne, GRC Rischbieter, E Ritchey, HS Riyat, R Rosero, T Rushton, D Rynders, D Santone, ABMR Sazzad, RW Schnee, G Sehr, B Shafer, S Shaw, K Shi, T Shutt, JJ Silk, C Silva, G Sinev, J Siniscalco, AM Slivar, R Smith, VN Solovov, P Sorensen, J Soria, I Stancu, A Stevens, TJ Sumner, A Swain, M Szydagis, DR Tiedt, M Timalsina, Z Tong, DR Tovey, J Tranter, M Trask, M Tripathi, A Usón, AC Vaitkus, O Valentino, V Velan, A Wang, JJ Wang, Y Wang, L Weeldreyer, TJ Whitis, K Wild, M Williams, WJ Wisniewski, L Wolf, FLH Wolfs, S Woodford, D Woodward, CJ Wright, Q Xia, J Xu, Y Xu, M Yeh, D Yeum, W Zha, H Zhang, T Zhang