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Abstract:

The analysis of Lyman-break galaxies lying at z > 5 has greatly enhanced our understanding of star formation at this cosmologically important epoch. However the vast majority of candidate galaxies at these redshifts either lack spectroscopic confirmation or were selected for their extreme youth and strong Lyman-α emission. Spectroscopy is essential both to constrain the redshifts and properties of the candidate galaxies, and to eliminate lower-redshift interlopers. We discuss results from our recent spectroscopy of high-redshift, rest-UV selected sources using 8 and 10 m telescopes and the contribution of such observations to our overall understanding of the cosmological evolution of the galaxy population. © Società Italiana di Fisica.

Abstract:

We revisit the analysis of the nonlinear thin shell instability (NTSI) numerically, including magnetic fields. The magnetic tension force is expected to work against the main driver of the NTSI - namely, transverse momentum transport. However, depending on the field strength and orientation, the instability may grow. For fields aligned with the inflow, we find that the NTSI is suppressed only when the Alfvén speed surpasses the (supersonic) velocities generated along the collision interface. Even for fields perpendicular to the inflow, which are the most effective at preventing the NTSI from developing, internal structures form within the expanding slab interface, probably leading to fragmentation in the presence of self-gravity or thermal instabilities. High Reynolds numbers result in local turbulence within the perturbed slab, which in turn triggers reconnection and dissipation of the excess magnetic flux. We find that when the magnetic field is initially aligned with the flow, there exists a (weak) correlation between field strength and gas density. However, for transverse fields, this correlation essentially vanishes. In light of these results, our general conclusion is that instabilities are unlikely to be erased unless the magnetic energy in clouds is much larger than the turbulent energy. Finally, while our study is motivated by the scenario of molecular cloud formation in colliding flows, our results span a larger range of applicability, from supernova shells to colliding stellar winds. © 2007. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Abstract:

A Spitzer Space Telescope survey in the NOAO Deep Wide Field in Bootes provides a complete, 8 μm-selected sample of galaxies to a limiting (Vega) magnitude of 13.5. In the 6.88 deg² field sampled, 79% of the 4867 galaxies have spectroscopic redshifts, allowing an accurate determination of the local (z < 0.3) galaxy luminosity function. Stellar and dust emission can be separated on the basis of observed galaxy colors. Dust emission (mostly PAH) accounts for 80% of the 8 μm luminosity, stellar photospheres account for 19%, and AGN emission accounts for roughly 1%. A subsample of the 8 μm-selected galaxies have blue, early-type colors, but even most of these have significant PAH emission. The luminosity functions for the total 8 μm luminosity and for the dust emission alone are both well fit by Schechter functions. For the 8 μm luminosity function, the characteristic luminosity is νLν*;(8.0 μm) = 1.8 × 10¹⁰ L ⊙, while for the dust emission alone it is 1.6 × 10 ¹⁰ L⊙. The average 8 μm luminosity density at z < 0.3 is 3.1 × 10⁷ L⊙ Mpc^-3, and the average luminosity density from dust alone is 2.5 × 10⁷ L⊙ Mpc^-3. This luminosity arises predominantly from galaxies with 8 μm luminosities (νLν) between 2 × 10⁹ and 2 × 10¹⁰ L⊙, i.e., normal galaxies, not luminous or ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs/ULIRGs). © 2007. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.