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Abstract:

The HERAPDF2.0 ensemble of parton distribution functions (PDFs) was introduced in 2015. The final stage is presented, a next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) analysis of the HERA data on inclusive deep inelastic ep scattering together with jet data as published by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations. A perturbative QCD fit, simultaneously of αs(M2Z) and the PDFs, was performed with the result αs(M2Z)=0.1156±0.0011 (exp) +0.0001−0.0002 (model +parameterisation) ±0.0029 (scale). The PDF sets of HERAPDF2.0Jets NNLO were determined with separate fits using two fixed values of αs(M2Z), αs(M2Z)=0.1155 and 0.118, since the latter value was already chosen for the published HERAPDF2.0 NNLO analysis based on HERA inclusive DIS data only. The different sets of PDFs are presented, evaluated and compared. The consistency of the PDFs determined with and without the jet data demonstrates the consistency of HERA inclusive and jet-production cross-section data. The inclusion of the jet data reduced the uncertainty on the gluon PDF. Predictions based on the PDFs of HERAPDF2.0Jets NNLO give an excellent description of the jet-production data used as input.

Abstract:

Abstract The energy response of the ATLAS calorimeter is measured for single charged pions with transverse momentum in the range $$10<p_\text {T}<300$$ 10 < p T < 300 GeV. The measurement is performed using 139 $$\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 of LHC proton–proton collision data at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ s = 13 TeV taken in Run 2 by the ATLAS detector. Charged pions originating from $$\tau $$ τ -lepton decays are used to provide a sample of high- $$p_{\text {T}}$$ p T isolated particles, where the composition is known, to test an energy regime that has not previously been probed by in situ single-particle measurements. The calorimeter response to single-pions is observed to be overestimated by $${\sim }2\%$$ ∼ 2 % across a large part of the $$p_{\text {T}}$$ p T spectrum in the central region and underestimated by $${\sim }4\%$$ ∼ 4 % in the endcaps in the ATLAS simulation. The uncertainties in the measurements are $${\lesssim }1\%$$ ≲ 1 % for $$15<p_\text {T}<185$$ 15 < p T < 185 GeV in the central region. To investigate the source of the discrepancies, the width of the distribution of the ratio of calorimeter energy to track momentum, the energies per layer and response in the hadronic calorimeter are also compared between data and simulation.

Abstract:

Monte Carlo simulations are a crucial component when analysing the Standard Model and New physics processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper aims to explore the use of generative models for increasing the statistics of Monte Carlo simulations in the final stage of data analysis by generating synthetic data that follows the same kinematic distributions for a limited set of analysis-specific observables to a high precision. Several state-of-the-art generative machine learning algorithms are adapted to this task, best performance is demonstrated by the normalizing flow architectures, which are capable of fast generation of an arbitrary number of new events. As an example of analysis-specific Monte Carlo simulated data, a well-known benchmark sample containing the Higgs boson production beyond the Standard Model and the corresponding irreducible background is used. The applicability of normalizing flows with different model parameters and numbers of initial events used in training is investigated. The resulting event distributions are compared with the original Monte Carlo distributions using statistical tests and a simplified statistical analysis to evaluate their similarity and quality of reproduction required in a physics analysis environment in a systematic way.Comment: 28 pages, 22 figure

Abstract:

Abstract The design and performance of the inner detector trigger for the high level trigger of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider during the 2016–2018 data taking period is discussed. In 2016, 2017, and 2018 the ATLAS detector recorded $$35.6~\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ 35.6 fb - 1 , $$46.9~\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ 46.9 fb - 1 , and $$60.6~\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ 60.6 fb - 1 respectively of proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. In order to deal with the very high interaction multiplicities per bunch crossing expected with the 13 TeV collisions the inner detector trigger was redesigned during the long shutdown of the Large Hadron Collider from 2013 until 2015. An overview of these developments is provided and the performance of the tracking in the trigger for the muon, electron, tau and b -jet signatures is discussed. The high performance of the inner detector trigger with these extreme interaction multiplicities demonstrates how the inner detector tracking continues to lie at the heart of the trigger performance and is essential in enabling the ATLAS physics programme.