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Abstract:

We study the nematic phase of rodlike f d-virus particles confined to channels with wedge-structured walls. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observe a splay-to-bend transition at the single particle level as a function of the wedge opening angle. Lattice Boltzmann simulations reveal the underlying origin of the transition and its dependence on nematic elasticity and wedge geometry. Our combined work provides a simple method to estimate the splay-to-bend elasticity ratios of the virus and offers a way to control the position of defects through the confining boundary conditions.

Abstract:

In many integrable models static (equal time) correlation functions of local observables after a quantum quench relax to stationary values, which are described by a generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE). Here we establish that the same holds true for dynamic (non equal time) correlation functions. More generally we show that in the absence of long-range interactions in the final Hamiltonian, the dynamics is determined by the same ensemble that describes static correlations. When the latter is a GGE the basic form of the fluctuation dissipation theorem holds, although the absorption and emission spectra are not simply related as in the thermal case. For quenches in the transverse field Ising chain (TFIC) we derive explicit expressions for the time evolution of dynamic order parameter correlators after a quench.