Accelerator Neutrinos

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The SOUDAN 2 detector: The operation and performance of the tracking calorimeter modules

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 381:2-3 (1996) 385-397

Authors:

WWM Allison, GJ Alner, I Ambats, DS Ayres, LJ Balka, GD Barr, WL Barrett, D Benjamine, C Bode, PM Border, CB Brooks, JH Cobb, DJA Cockerill, K Coover, RJ Cotton, H Courant, BB Dahlin, U DasGupta, JW Dawson, DM Demuth, VW Edwards, B Ewen, TH Fields, C Garcia-Garcia, HM Gallagher, RH Giles, GL Giller, MC Goodman, RN Gray, S Heppelmann, N Hill, JH Hoftiezer, DJ Jankowski, K Johns, T Joyce, T Kafka, SMS Kasahara, LM Kirby-Gallagher, J Kochocki, W Leeson, PJ Litchfield, NP Longley, FV Lopez, MJ Lowe, WA Mann, ML Marshak, EN May, D Maxam, L McMaster, R Milburn, WH Miller, CP Minor, N Mondal, L Mualem, A Napier, EM Nelson, R Nickson, W Oliver, GF Pearce, DH Perkins, EA Peterson, LE Price, DM Roback, DB Rosen, K Ruddick, B Saitta, DJ Schmid, J Schlereth, J Schneps, MH Schub, RV Seidlein, PD Shield, MA Shupe, S Spear, A Stassinakis, N Sundaralingam, MA Thomson, JL Thron, V Vassiliev, G Villaume, SP Wakely, D Wall, EWG Wallis, L Weems, SJ Werkema, N West, U Wielgosz, CA Woods, S Yarker

Abstract:

SOUDAN 2 is a 960-ton tracking calorimeter which has been constructed to search for nucleon decay and other phenomena. The full detector consists of 224 calorimeter modules each weighing 4.3 tons. The modules consist of finely segmented iron instrumented with 1 m long drift tubes of 15 mm internal diameter. The tubes enable three spatial coordinates and dE/ dx to be recorded for charged particles traversing the tubes. The spatial resolution is 0.38 cm in the x-y plane and 0.65 cm in the z, or drift, direction. The operation and performance of the modules are discussed.

Search for additional neutral gauge bosons

Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 385:1-4 (1996) 471-478

Authors:

S Abachi, B Abbott, M Abolins, BS Acharya, I Adam, DL Adams, M Adams, S Ahn, H Aihara, J Alitti, G Álvarez, GA Alves, E Amidi, N Amos, EW Anderson, SH Aronson, R Astur, RE Avery, MM Baarmand, A Baden, V Balamurali, J Balderston, B Baldin, S Banerjee, J Bantly, JF Bartlett, K Bazizi, A Belyaev, J Bendich, SB Beri, I Bertram, VA Bezzubov, R Bhat, V Bhatnagar, M Bhattacharjee, A Bischoff, N Biswas, G Blazey, S Blessing, P Bloom, A Boehnlein, NI Bojko, F Borcherding, J Borders, C Boswell, A Brandt, R Brock, A Bross, D Buchholz, VS Burtovoi, JM Butler, W Carvalho, D Casey, H Castilla-Valdez, D Chakraborty, SM Chang, SV Chekulaev, LP Chen, W Chen, S Choi, S Chopra, BC Choudhary, JH Christenson, M Chung, D Claes, AR Clark, WG Cobau, J Cochran, WE Cooper, C Cretsinger, D Cullen-Vidal, MAC Cummings, D Cutts, OI Dahl, K De, M Demarteau, N Denisenko, D Denisov, SP Denisov, HT Diehl, M Diesburg, G di Loreto, R Dixon, P Draper, J Drinkard, Y Ducros, LV Dudko, SR Dugad, D Edmunds, J Ellison, VD Elvira, R Engelmann, S Eno, G Eppley, P Ermolov, OV Eroshin, VN Evdokimov, S Fahey, T Fahland, M Fatyga

Abstract:

We have searched for a heavy neutral gauge boson, Z′, using the decay channel Z′ → ee. The data were collected with the DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron during the 1992-1993 pp̄ collider run at √s = 1.8 TeV from an integrated luminosity of 15 ± 1 pb-1. Limits are set on the cross section times branching ratio for the process pp̄ → Z′ → ee as a function of the Z′ mass. We exclude the existence of a Z′ of mass less than 490 GeV/c2, assuming a Z′ with the same coupling strengths to quarks and leptons as the standard model Z boson.

Observation of multiple hard photon final states at √S = 130-140 GeV at LEP

Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics 384:1-4 (1996) 323-332

Authors:

M Acciarri, A Adam, O Adriani, M Aguilar-Benitez, S Ahlen, B Alpat, J Alcaraz, G Alemanni, J Allaby, A Aloisio, G Alverson, MG Alviggi, G Ambrosi, H Anderhub, VP Andreev, T Angelescu, D Antreasyan, A Arefiev, T Azemoon, T Aziz, P Bagnaia, L Baksay, RC Ball, S Banerjee, K Banicz, R Barillère, L Barone, P Bartalini, A Baschirotto, M Basile, R Battiston, A Bay, F Becattini, U Becker, F Behner, J Berdugo, P Berges, B Bertucci, BL Betev, M Biasini, A Biland, GM Bilei, JJ Blaising, SC Blyth, G Bobbink, R Bock, A Böhm, B Borgia, A Boucham, D Bourilkov, M Bourquin, E Brambilla, JG Branson, V Brigljevic, IC Brock, A Buijs, A Bujak, JD Burger, WJ Burger, J Busenitz, A Buytenhuijs, XD Cai, M Campanelli, M Capell, G Cara Romeo, M Caria, G Carlino, AM Cartacci, J Casaus, G Castellini, R Castello, F Cavallari, N Cavallo, C Cecchi, M Cerrada, A Chan, YH Chang, UK Chaturvedi, M Chemarin, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, X Chereau, G Chiefari, CY Cbien, MT Choi, L Cifarelli, F Cindolo, C Civinini, I Clare, R Clare, HO Cohn, G Coignet, AP Colijn, N Colino, Y Commichau, S Costantini, F Cotorobai

Abstract:

We have studied the process e+e- → ny (n ≥ 2) at an average center-of-mass energy of 133 GeV using the L3 detector at LEP. For an integrated luminosity of 4.95 pb-1 we find one γγγγ(γ) final state with only hard photons. The rates of both γγγ and γγ events are consistent with QED expectations. The cross section of the reaction e+e- → γγ(γ) in the polar range 16° < θγ < 164° is measured to be 22.6 ± 2.2 pb. Decays into photons of narrow scalar resonances with masses between 90 and 130 GeV are not observed. The observation of the event with four energetic photons is consistent with QED although the kinematic configuration of the photons is atypical.

Measurement of the lifetime of the B0smeson using the exclusive decay mode B0s→J/ψφ

Physical Review Letters 77:10 (1996) 1945-1949

Authors:

F Abe, H Akimoto, A Akopian, MG Albrow, SR Amendolia, D Amidei, J Antos, C Anway-Wiese, S Aota, G Apollinari, T Asakawa, W Ashmanskas, M Atac, F Azfar, P Azzi-Bacchetta, N Bacchetta, W Badgett, S Bagdasarov, MW Bailey, J Bao, P De Barbaro, A Barbaro-Galtieri, VE Barnes, BA Barnett, E Barzi, G Bauer, T Baumann, F Bedeschi, S Behrends, S Belforte, G Bellettini, J Bellinger, D Benjamin, J Benlloch, J Bensinger, D Benton, A Beretvas, JP Berge, J Berryhill, S Bertolucci, A Bhatti, K Biery, M Binkley, D Bisello, RE Blair, C Blocker, A Bodek, W Bokhari, V Bolognesi, D Bortoletto, J Boudreau, L Breccia, C Bromberg, N Bruner, E Buckley-Geer, HS Budd, K Burkett, G Busetto, A Byon-Wagner, KL Byrum, J Cammerata, C Campagnari, M Campbell, A Caner, W Carithers, D Carlsmith, A Castro, D Cauz, Y Cen, F Cervelli, PS Chang, PT Chang, HY Chao, J Chapman, MT Cheng, G Chiarelli, T Chikamatsu, CN Chiou, L Christofek, S Cihangir, AG Clark, M Cobal, M Contreras, J Conway, J Cooper, M Cordelli, C Couyoumtzelis, D Crane, D Cronin-Hennessy, R Culbertson, JD Cunningham, T Daniels, F DeJongh, S Delchamps, S Dell'Agnello, M Dell'Orso, R Demina, L Demortier, B Denby, M Deninno

Abstract:

The lifetime of the B0smeson using the exclusive decay mode B0s→J/ψφ where J/ψ→μ+μ− and φ→K+K− The data sample consists of 110 pb−1 of pp collisions at s=1.8 TeV, collected by the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider during 1992–1995. We find 58±12 signal events, and the B0s meson lifetime is determined to be TB0s=1.34+0.23−0.19(ٲ)±0.05(syst)ps. This result is consistent with previous measurements of theB0s, B+and B0dmeson lifetimes and with theoretical predictions. © 1996 American Physical Society.

The SOUDAN 2 detector: The design and construction of the tracking calorimeter modules

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 376:1 (1996) 36-48

Authors:

WWM Allison, GJ Alner, I Ambats, DS Ayres, LJ Balka, GD Barr, WL Barrett, D Benjamine, C Bode, PM Border, CB Brooks, JH Cobb, DJA Cockerill, K Coover, RJ Cotton, H Courant, BB Dahlin, U DasGupta, JW Dawson, DM Demuth, VW Edwards, B Ewen, TH Fields, C Garcia-Garcia, HM Gallagher, RH Giles, GL Giller, MC Goodman, RN Gray, S Heppelmann, N Hill, JH Hoftiezer, DJ Jankowski, K Johns, T Joyce, T Kafka, SMS Kasahara, LM Kirby-Gallagher, J Kochocki, W Leeson, PJ Litchfield, NP Longley, FV Lopez, MJ Lowe, WA Mann, ML Marshak, EN May, D Maxam, L McMaster, R Milburn, WH Miller, CP Minor, N Mondal, L Mualem, A Napier, EM Nelson, R Nickson, W Oliver, GF Pearce, DH Perkins, EA Peterson, LE Price, DM Roback, DB Rosen, K Ruddick, B Saitta, DJ Schmid, J Schlereth, J Schneps, MH Schub, RV Seidlein, PD Shield, MA Shupe, S Spear, A Stassinakis, N Sundaralingam, MA Thomson, JL Thron, V Vassiliev, G Villaume, SP Wakely, D Wall, EWG Wallis, L Weems, SJ Werkema, N West, U Wielgosz, CA Woods, S Yarker

Abstract:

SOUDAN 2 is a 960-ton tracking calorimeter which has been constructed to search for nucleon decay and other phenomena. The full detector consists of 224 calorimeter modules each weighing 4.3 tons. The design and construction of the modules are described. The modules consist of finely segmented iron instrumented with 1 m long drift tubes of 15 mm internal diameter. The tubes enable three spatial coordinates and dE/dx to be recorded for charged particles traversing the tubes.