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Abstract:

We present observations of Arp 147, a galaxy system comprising a collisionally created ring galaxy and an early-type galaxy, using the Oxford SWIFT integral field spectrograph (IFS) at the 200-inch Hale telescope. We derive spatially resolved kinematics from the IFS data and use these to study the interaction between the two galaxies. We find the edge-to-edge expansion velocity of the ring is 225 ± 8kms-1, implying an upper limit on the time-scale for the collision of 50Myr. We also calculate that the angle of impact for the collision is between, where 0° would imply a perpendicular collision. The ring galaxy is strongly star forming with the star formation likely to have been triggered by the collision between the two galaxies. We also measure some key physical parameters in an integrated and spatially resolved manner for the ring galaxy. Using the observed B-I colours and the Hα equivalent widths, we conclude that two stellar components (a young and an old population) are required everywhere in the ring to simultaneously match both observed quantities. We are able to constrain the age range, light and mass fractions of the young star formation activity in the ring, finding a modest age range, a light fraction of less than a third, and a negligible (<1 per cent) mass fraction. We postulate that the redder colours observed in the south-east corner of the ring galaxy could correspond to the nuclear bulge of the original disc galaxy from which the ring was created, consistent with the stellar mass in the south-east quadrant being 30-50 per cent of the total. The ring appears to have been a typical disc galaxy prior to the encounter. The ring shows electron densities consistent with typical values for star-forming Hii regions. The eastern half of the ring exhibits a metallicity a factor of ~2 higher than the western half. The ionization parameter, measured across the ring, roughly follows the previously observed trend with metallicity. © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS.

Abstract:

We demonstrate experimentally that slicer based integral field spectrographs are an attractive choice for the next generation of exoplanet direct detection instruments. By propagating a single simulated speckle though a slicer based integral field spectrograph (IFS) and performing the post processing technique of spectral deconvolution we are able to achieve a speckle rejection factor of ∼600 in broadband images (and ∼100 in individual wavelength channels) with contrasts only appearing to be limited by calibration errors in the IFS datacube. This is over an order of magnitude improvement on the current state-of-the-art and well within the requirements of EPICS (Exo Planet Imaging Camera and Spectrograph for the E-ELT) for post coronagraphic speckle rejection thus proving that slicers will not impose a limit on the achievable contrast. When using prior knowledge of the diffraction-limited size of real objects we further improve the speckle rejection factor such that it exceeds 10³.

Abstract:

We describe the current status of the HARMONI instrument design, which will form the basis for the first-light integral field spectrograph on the European Extremely Large Telescope. We review the phase A design, and highlight current on-going work to evolve the design in-line changing telescope requirements and lessons learned during the Phase A work. We also outline the key science drivers for the instrument, and describe briefly the requirements for the laser tomographic adaptive optics system which is expected to feed HARMONI.

Abstract:

ATLAS is a generic Laser Tomographic AO (LTAO) system for the E-ELT. Based on modular, relatively simple, and yet innovative concepts, it aims at providing diffraction-limited images in the near infra-red for a close to 100 percent sky coverage.

Abstract:

Many of the proposed science cases for extremely large telescopes (ELT) are only possible because of the unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution due to advanced, e.g. tomographic and multi conjugate, adaptive optic (AO) systems. Current AO systems on 8-10 m telescopes work best at wavelengths longward of 1 μm with Strehl ratios ≥ 15%. At red-optical wavelengths, e.g. in the I band (0.8 μm), the Strehl ratio is at best a few percent. The AO point spread function (PSF) typically has a diffraction-limited core superimposed on the seeing halo, however, for a 5% Strehl ratio the core has a very low intensity above the seeing halo. At an ELT, due to a 3-4 times higher angular resolution, the diffraction limited PSF core of only 5% Strehl ratio stands more prominently atop the shallow seeing halo leading to almost diffraction limited image quality even at low Strehl ratios. Prominent ELT science cases that use the Calcium triplet can exploit this gain in spatial resolution in the red-optical: stellar populations in dense environments or crowded fields; and the case of intermediate mass black holes in nuclear and globular stellar clusters, as well as (super-) massive black holes in galaxies.