Prof Subir Sarkar: Publications

IceCube

IceCube at Oxford

I am a member since 2004 of the IceCube collaboration which discovered cosmic high energy neutrinos and identified some of their astrophysical sources.

IceCube @ Oxford

Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068

(2022)

Authors:

IceCube Collaboration, R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, JM Alameddine, C Alispach, AA Alves, NM Amin, K Andeen, T Anderson, G Anton, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Axani, X Bai, A Balagopal V., A Barbano, SW Barwick, B Bastian, V Basu, S Baur, R Bay, JJ Beatty, K-H Becker, J Becker Tjus, C Bellenghi, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, M Boddenberg, F Bontempo, J Borowka, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, E Bourbeau, F Bradascio, J Braun, B Brinson, S Bron, J Brostean-Kaiser, S Browne, A Burgman, RT Burley, RS Busse, MA Campana, EG Carnie-Bronca, C Chen, Z Chen, D Chirkin, K Choi, BA Clark, K Clark, L Classen, A Coleman, GH Collin, JM Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, DF Cowen, R Cross, C Dappen, P Dave, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, D Delgado López, H Dembinski, K Deoskar, A Desai, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, M de With, T DeYoung, A Diaz, JC Díaz-Vélez, M Dittmer, H Dujmovic, M Dunkman, MA DuVernois, E Dvorak, T Ehrhardt, P Eller, R Engel, H Erpenbeck, J Evans, PA Evenson, KL Fan, AR Fazely, A Fedynitch, N Feigl, S Fiedlschuster, AT Fienberg, K Filimonov, C Finley, L Fischer, D Fox, A Franckowiak, E Friedman, A Fritz, P Fürst, TK Gaisser, J Gallagher, E Ganster, A Garcia, S Garrappa, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, C Glaser, T Glauch, T Glüsenkamp, A Goldschmidt, JG Gonzalez, S Goswami, D Grant, T Grégoire, S Griswold, C Günther, P Gutjahr, C Haack, A Hallgren, R Halliday, L Halve, F Halzen, M Ha Minh, K Hanson, J Hardin, AA Harnisch, A Haungs, D Hebecker, K Helbing, F Henningsen, EC Hettinger, S Hickford, J Hignight, C Hill, GC Hill, KD Hoffman, R Hoffmann, B Hokanson-Fasig, K Hoshina, F Huang, M Huber, T Huber, K Hultqvist, M Hünnefeld, R Hussain, K Hymon, S In, N Iovine, A Ishihara, M Jansson, GS Japaridze, M Jeong, M Jin, BJP Jones, D Kang, W Kang, X Kang, A Kappes, D Kappesser, L Kardum, T Karg, M Karl, A Karle, U Katz, M Kauer, M Kellermann, JL Kelley, A Kheirandish, K Kin, T Kintscher, J Kiryluk, SR Klein, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, T Kontrimas, L Köpke, C Kopper, S Kopper, DJ Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kovacevich, M Kowalski, T Kozynets, E Kun, N Kurahashi, N Lad, C Lagunas Gualda, JL Lanfranchi, MJ Larson, F Lauber, JP Lazar, JW Lee, K Leonard, A Leszczyńska, Y Li, M Lincetto, QR Liu, M Liubarska, E Lohfink, CJ Lozano Mariscal, L Lu, F Lucarelli, A Ludwig, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, WY Ma, J Madsen, KBM Mahn, Y Makino, S Mancina, IC Mariş, I Martinez-Soler, R Maruyama, K Mase, T McElroy, F McNally, JV Mead, K Meagher, S Mechbal, A Medina, M Meier, S Meighen-Berger, J Micallef, D Mockler, T Montaruli, RW Moore, R Morse, M Moulai, R Naab, R Nagai, R Nahnhauer, U Naumann, J Necker, LV Nguyên, H Niederhausen, MU Nisa, SC Nowicki, D Nygren, A Obertacke Pollmann, M Oehler, B Oeyen, A Olivas, E O'Sullivan, H Pandya, DV Pankova, N Park, GK Parker, EN Paudel, L Paul, C Pérez de los Heros, L Peters, J Peterson, S Philippen, S Pieper, M Pittermann, A Pizzuto, M Plum, Y Popovych, A Porcelli, M Prado Rodriguez, PB Price, B Pries, GT Przybylski, C Raab, J Rack-Helleis, A Raissi, M Rameez, K Rawlins, IC Rea, A Rehman, P Reichherzer, R Reimann, G Renzi, E Resconi, S Reusch, W Rhode, M Richman, B Riedel, EJ Roberts, S Robertson, G Roellinghoff, M Rongen, C Rott, T Ruhe, D Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk Cantu, I Safa, J Saffer, SE Sanchez Herrera, A Sandrock, J Sandroos, M Santander, S Sarkar, S Sarkar, K Satalecka, M Schaufel, H Schieler, S Schindler, T Schmidt, A Schneider, J Schneider, FG Schröder, L Schumacher, G Schwefer, S Sclafani, D Seckel, S Seunarine, A Sharma, S Shefali, M Silva, B Skrzypek, B Smithers, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, D Soldin, C Spannfellner, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, R Stein, J Stettner, A Steuer, T Stezelberger, R Stokstad, T Stürwald, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, I Taboada, S Ter-Antonyan, S Tilav, F Tischbein, K Tollefson, C Tönnis, S Toscano, D Tosi, A Trettin, M Tselengidou, CF Tung, A Turcati, R Turcotte, CF Turley, JP Twagirayezu, B Ty, MA Unland Elorrieta, N Valtonen-Mattila, J Vandenbroucke, N van Eijndhoven, D Vannerom, J van Santen, S Verpoest, C Walck, TB Watson, C Weaver, P Weigel, A Weindl, MJ Weiss, J Weldert, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, N Whitehorn, CH Wiebusch, DR Williams, M Wolf, K Woschnagg, G Wrede, J Wulff, XW Xu, JP Yanez, S Yoshida, S Yu, T Yuan, Z Zhang, P Zhelnin

Detection of astrophysical tau neutrino candidates in IceCube

EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C 82:11 (2022) ARTN 1031

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, C Alispach, AA Jr Alves, NM Amin, K Andeen, T Anderson, I Ansseau, G Anton, C Arguelles, S Axani, X Bai, AV Balagopal, A Barbano, SW Barwick, B Bastian, V Basu, V Baum, S Baur, R Bay, JJ Beatty, K-H Becker, J Becker Tjus, C Bellenghi, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, S Boeser, O Botner, J Boettcher, E Bourbeau, J Bourbeau, F Bradascio, J Braun, S Bron, J Brostean-Kaiser, A Burgman, RS Busse, MA Campana, C Chen, D Chirkin, S Choi, BA Clark, K Clark, L Classen, A Coleman, GH Collin, JM Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, DF Cowen, R Cross, P Dave, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, H Dembinski, K Deoskar, S De Ridder, A Desai, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, M DeWith, T DeYoung, S Dharani, A Diaz, JC Diaz-Velez, H Dujmovic, M Dunkman, MA DuVernois, E Dvorak, T Ehrhardt, P Eller, R Engel, J Evans, PA Evenson, S Fahey, AR Fazely, S Fiedlschuster, AT Fienberg, K Filimonov, C Finley, L Fischer, D Fox, A Franckowiak, E Friedman, A Fritz, P Furst, TK Gaisser, J Gallagher, E Ganster, S Garrappa, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, T Glauch, T Glusenkamp, A Goldschmidt, JG Gonzalez, S Goswami, D Grant, T Gregoire, Z Griffith, S Griswold, M Guenduez, C Haack, A Hallgren, R Halliday, L Halve, F Halzen, M HaMinh, K Hanson, J Hardin, A Haungs, S Hauser, D Hebecker, K Helbing, F Henningsen, S Hickford, J Hignight, C Hill, GC Hill, KD Hoffman, R Hoffmann, T Hoinka, B Hokanson-Fasig, K Hoshina, F Huang, M Huber, T Huber, K Hultqvist, M Huennefeld, R Hussain, S In, N Iovine, A Ishihara, M Jansson, GS Japaridze, M Jeong, BJP Jones, R Joppe, D Kang, W Kang, X Kang, A Kappes, D Kappesser, T Karg, M Karl, A Karle, U Katz, M Kauer, M Kellermann, JL Kelley, A Kheirandish, J Kim, K Kin, T Kintscher, J Kiryluk, SR Klein, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, L Koepke, C Kopper, S Kopper, DJ Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kovacevich, M Kowalski, K Krings, G Krueckl, N Kulacz, N Kurahashi, A Kyriacou, C Lagunas Gualda, JL Lanfranchi, MJ Larson, F Lauber, JP Lazar, K Leonard, Y Li, QR Liu, E Lohfink, CJ Lozano Mariscal, L Lu, F Lucarelli, A Ludwig, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, WY Ma, J Madsen, KBM Mahn, Y Makino, P Mallik, S Mancina, R Maruyama, K Mase, F McNally, K Meagher, A Medina, M Meier, S Meighen-Berger, J Merz, J Micallef, D Mockler, G Momente, T Montaruli, RW Moore, R Morse, M Moulai, R Naab, R Nagai, U Naumann, J Necker, G Neer, H Niederhausen, MU Nisa, SC Nowicki, DR Nygren, A Obertacke Pollmann, M Oehler, A Olivas, E O'Sullivan, H Pandya, DV Pankova, N Park, GK Parker, EN Paudel, P Peiffer, C Perez de los Heros, S Philippen, D Pieloth, S Pieper, A Pizzuto, M Plum, Y Popovych, A Porcelli, M Prado Rodriguez, PB Price, GT Przybylski, C Raab, A Raissi, M Rameez, K Rawlins, IC Rea, A Rehman, R Reimann, M Renschler, G Renzi, E Resconi, S Reusch, W Rhode, M Richman, B Riedel, S Robertson, G Roellinghoff, M Rongen, C Rott, T Ruhe, D Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk Cantu, I Safa, SE Sanchez Herrera, A Sandrock, J Sandroos, M Santander, S Sarkar, S Sarkar, K Satalecka, M Scharf, M Schaufel, H Schieler, P Schlunder, T Schmidt, A Schneider, J Schneider, FG Schroeder, L Schumacher, S Sclafani, D Seckel, S Seunarine, S Shefali, M Silva, B Smithers, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, D Soldin, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, R Stein, J Stettner, A Steuer, T Stezelberger, RG Stokstad, NL Strotjohann, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, I Taboada, F Tenholt, S Ter-Antonyan, S Tilav, F Tischbein, K Tollefson, L Tomankova, C Tonnis, S Toscano, D Tosi, A Trettin, M Tselengidou, CF Tung, A Turcati, R Turcotte, CF Turley, JP Twagirayezu, B Ty, E Unger, MA Unland Elorrieta, M Usner, J Vandenbroucke, D VanEijk, N van Eijndhoven, D Vannerom, J van Santen, S Verpoest, M Vraeghe, C Walck, A Wallace, N Wandkowsky, TB Watson, C Weaver, A Weindl, MJ Weiss, J Weldert, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, BJ Whelan, N Whitehorn, K Wiebe, CH Wiebusch, DR Williams, M Wolf, TR Wood, K Woschnagg, G Wrede, J Wulff, XW Xu, Y Xu, JP Yanez, S Yoshida, T Yuan, Z Zhang

Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068

Science American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 378:6619 (2022) 538-543

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, JM Alameddine, C Alispach, AA Alves, NM Amin, K Andeen, T Anderson, G Anton, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Axani, X Bai, A Balagopal V., A Barbano, SW Barwick, B Bastian, V Basu, S Baur, R Bay, JJ Beatty, K-H Becker, J Becker Tjus, C Bellenghi, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, M Boddenberg, F Bontempo, J Borowka, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, E Bourbeau, F Bradascio, J Braun, B Brinson, S Bron, J Brostean-Kaiser, S Browne, A Burgman, RT Burley, RS Busse, MA Campana, EG Carnie-Bronca, C Chen, Z Chen, D Chirkin, K Choi, BA Clark, K Clark, L Classen, A Coleman, GH Collin, JM Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, DF Cowen, R Cross, C Dappen, P Dave, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, D Delgado López, H Dembinski, K Deoskar, A Desai, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, M de With, T DeYoung, A Diaz, JC Díaz-Vélez, M Dittmer, H Dujmovic, M Dunkman, MA DuVernois, E Dvorak, T Ehrhardt, P Eller, R Engel, H Erpenbeck, J Evans, PA Evenson, KL Fan, AR Fazely, A Fedynitch, N Feigl, S Fiedlschuster, AT Fienberg, K Filimonov, C Finley, L Fischer, D Fox, A Franckowiak, E Friedman, A Fritz, P Fürst, TK Gaisser, J Gallagher, E Ganster, A Garcia, S Garrappa, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, C Glaser, T Glauch, T Glüsenkamp, A Goldschmidt, JG Gonzalez, S Goswami, D Grant, T Grégoire, S Griswold, C Günther, P Gutjahr, C Haack, A Hallgren, R Halliday, L Halve, F Halzen, M Ha Minh, K Hanson, J Hardin, AA Harnisch, A Haungs, D Hebecker, K Helbing, F Henningsen, EC Hettinger, S Hickford, J Hignight, C Hill, GC Hill, KD Hoffman, R Hoffmann, B Hokanson-Fasig, K Hoshina, F Huang, M Huber, T Huber, K Hultqvist, M Hünnefeld, R Hussain, K Hymon, S In, N Iovine, A Ishihara, M Jansson, GS Japaridze, M Jeong, M Jin, BJP Jones, D Kang, W Kang, X Kang, A Kappes, D Kappesser, L Kardum, T Karg, M Karl, A Karle, U Katz, M Kauer, M Kellermann, JL Kelley, A Kheirandish, K Kin, T Kintscher, J Kiryluk, SR Klein, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, T Kontrimas, L Köpke, C Kopper, S Kopper, DJ Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kovacevich, M Kowalski, T Kozynets, E Kun, N Kurahashi, N Lad, C Lagunas Gualda, JL Lanfranchi, MJ Larson, F Lauber, JP Lazar, JW Lee, K Leonard, A Leszczyńska, Y Li, M Lincetto, QR Liu, M Liubarska, E Lohfink, CJ Lozano Mariscal, L Lu, F Lucarelli, A Ludwig, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, WY Ma, J Madsen, KBM Mahn, Y Makino, S Mancina, IC Mariş, I Martinez-Soler, R Maruyama, K Mase, T McElroy, F McNally, JV Mead, K Meagher, S Mechbal, A Medina, M Meier, S Meighen-Berger, J Micallef, D Mockler, T Montaruli, RW Moore, R Morse, M Moulai, R Naab, R Nagai, R Nahnhauer, U Naumann, J Necker, LV Nguyen, H Niederhausen, MU Nisa, SC Nowicki, D Nygren, A Obertacke Pollmann, M Oehler, B Oeyen, A Olivas, E O’Sullivan, H Pandya, DV Pankova, N Park, GK Parker, EN Paudel, L Paul, C Pérez de los Heros, L Peters, J Peterson, S Philippen, S Pieper, M Pittermann, A Pizzuto, M Plum, Y Popovych, A Porcelli, M Prado Rodriguez, PB Price, B Pries, GT Przybylski, C Raab, J Rack-Helleis, A Raissi, M Rameez, K Rawlins, IC Rea, A Rehman, P Reichherzer, R Reimann, G Renzi, E Resconi, S Reusch, W Rhode, M Richman, B Riedel, EJ Roberts, S Robertson, G Roellinghoff, M Rongen, C Rott, T Ruhe, D Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk Cantu, I Safa, J Saffer, SE Sanchez Herrera, A Sandrock, J Sandroos, M Santander, S Sarkar, S Sarkar, K Satalecka, M Schaufel, H Schieler, S Schindler, T Schmidt, A Schneider, J Schneider, FG Schröder, L Schumacher, G Schwefer, S Sclafani, D Seckel, S Seunarine, A Sharma, S Shefali, M Silva, B Skrzypek, B Smithers, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, D Soldin, C Spannfellner, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, J Stachurska, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, R Stein, J Stettner, A Steuer, T Stezelberger, R Stokstad, T Stürwald, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, I Taboada, S Ter-Antonyan, S Tilav, F Tischbein, K Tollefson, C Tönnis, S Toscano, D Tosi, A Trettin, M Tselengidou, CF Tung, A Turcati, R Turcotte, CF Turley, JP Twagirayezu, B Ty, MA Unland Elorrieta, N Valtonen-Mattila, J Vandenbroucke, N van Eijndhoven, D Vannerom, J van Santen, S Verpoest, C Walck, TB Watson, C Weaver, P Weigel, A Weindl, MJ Weiss, J Weldert, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, N Whitehorn, CH Wiebusch, DR Williams, M Wolf, K Woschnagg, G Wrede, J Wulff, XW Xu, JP Yanez, S Yoshida, S Yu, T Yuan, Z Zhang, P Zhelnin

Abstract:

A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy’s active core. We searched for neutrino emission from astrophysical objects using data recorded with the IceCube neutrino detector between 2011 and 2020. The positions of 110 known gamma-ray sources were individually searched for neutrino detections above atmospheric and cosmic backgrounds. We found that NGC 1068 has an excess of 79 − 20 + 22 neutrinos at tera–electron volt energies, with a global significance of 4.2σ, which we interpret as associated with the active galaxy. The flux of high-energy neutrinos that we measured from NGC 1068 is more than an order of magnitude higher than the upper limit on emissions of tera–electron volt gamma rays from this source.

Graph Neural Networks for low-energy event classification & reconstruction in IceCube

Journal of Instrumentation IOP Publishing 17:11 (2022) P11003-P11003

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, N Aggarwal, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, JM Alameddine, AA Alves, NM Amin, K Andeen, T Anderson, G Anton, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Athanasiadou, S Axani, X Bai, A Balagopal V., M Baricevic, SW Barwick, V Basu, R Bay, JJ Beatty, K-H Becker, J Becker Tjus, J Beise, C Bellenghi, S Benda, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, F Bontempo, JY Book, J Borowka, C Boscolo Meneguolo, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, E Bourbeau, J Braun, B Brinson, J Brostean-Kaiser, RT Burley, RS Busse, MA Campana, EG Carnie-Bronca, C Chen, Z Chen, D Chirkin, K Choi, BA Clark, L Classen, A Coleman, GH Collin, A Connolly, JM Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, S Countryman, DF Cowen, R Cross, C Dappen, P Dave, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, D Delgado López, H Dembinski, K Deoskar, A Desai, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, T DeYoung, A Diaz, JC Díaz-Vélez, M Dittmer, H Dujmovic, MA DuVernois, T Ehrhardt, P Eller, R Engel, H Erpenbeck, J Evans, PA Evenson, KL Fan, AR Fazely, A Fedynitch, N Feigl, S Fiedlschuster, AT Fienberg, C Finley, L Fischer, D Fox, A Franckowiak, E Friedman, A Fritz, P Fürst, TK Gaisser, J Gallagher, E Ganster, A Garcia, S Garrappa, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, C Glaser, T Glauch, T Glüsenkamp, N Goehlke, JG Gonzalez, S Goswami, D Grant, SJ Gray, T Grégoire, S Griswold, C Günther, P Gutjahr, C Haack, A Hallgren, R Halliday, L Halve, F Halzen, H Hamdaoui, M Ha Minh, K Hanson, J Hardin, AA Harnisch, P Hatch, A Haungs, K Helbing, J Hellrung, F Henningsen, L Heuermann, S Hickford, C Hill, GC Hill, KD Hoffman, K Hoshina, W Hou, T Huber, K Hultqvist, M Hünnefeld, R Hussain, K Hymon, S In, N Iovine, A Ishihara, M Jansson, GS Japaridze, M Jeong, M Jin, BJP Jones, D Kang, W Kang, X Kang, A Kappes, D Kappesser, L Kardum, T Karg, M Karl, A Karle, U Katz, M Kauer, JL Kelley, A Kheirandish, K Kin, J Kiryluk, SR Klein, A Kochocki, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, T Kontrimas, L Köpke, C Kopper, DJ Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kovacevich, M Kowalski, T Kozynets, E Krupczak, E Kun, N Kurahashi, N Lad, C Lagunas Gualda, MJ Larson, F Lauber, JP Lazar, JW Lee, K Leonard, A Leszczyńska, M Lincetto, QR Liu, M Liubarska, E Lohfink, C Love, CJ Lozano Mariscal, L Lu, F Lucarelli, A Ludwig, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, WY Ma, J Madsen, KBM Mahn, Y Makino, S Mancina, W Marie Sainte, IC Mariş, S Marka, Z Marka, M Marsee, I Martinez-Soler, R Maruyama, T McElroy, F McNally, JV Mead, K Meagher, S Mechbal, A Medina, M Meier, S Meighen-Berger, Y Merckx, J Micallef, D Mockler, T Montaruli, RW Moore, R Morse, M Moulai, T Mukherjee, R Naab, R Nagai, U Naumann, A Nayerhoda, J Necker, M Neumann, H Niederhausen, MU Nisa, SC Nowicki, A Obertacke Pollmann, M Oehler, B Oeyen, A Olivas, R Orsoe, J Osborn, E O'Sullivan, H Pandya, DV Pankova, N Park, GK Parker, EN Paudel, L Paul, C Pérez de los Heros, L Peters, TC Petersen, J Peterson, S Philippen, S Pieper, A Pizzuto, M Plum, Y Popovych, A Porcelli, M Prado Rodriguez, B Pries, R Procter-Murphy, GT Przybylski, C Raab, J Rack-Helleis, M Rameez, K Rawlins, Z Rechav, A Rehman, P Reichherzer, G Renzi, E Resconi, S Reusch, W Rhode, M Richman, B Riedel, EJ Roberts, S Robertson, S Rodan, G Roellinghoff, M Rongen, C Rott, T Ruhe, L Ruohan, D Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk Cantu, I Safa, J Saffer, D Salazar-Gallegos, P Sampathkumar, SE Sanchez Herrera, A Sandrock, M Santander, S Sarkar, S Sarkar, M Schaufel, H Schieler, S Schindler, B Schlueter, T Schmidt, J Schneider, FG Schröder, L Schumacher, G Schwefer, S Sclafani, D Seckel, S Seunarine, A Sharma, S Shefali, N Shimizu, M Silva, B Skrzypek, B Smithers, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, A Søgaard, D Soldin, C Spannfellner, GM Spiczak, C Spiering, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, R Stein, T Stezelberger, T Stürwald, T Stuttard, GW Sullivan, I Taboada, S Ter-Antonyan, WG Thompson, J Thwaites, S Tilav, K Tollefson, C Tönnis, S Toscano, D Tosi, A Trettin, CF Tung, R Turcotte, JP Twagirayezu, B Ty, MA Unland Elorrieta, K Upshaw, N Valtonen-Mattila, J Vandenbroucke, N van Eijndhoven, D Vannerom, J van Santen, J Vara, J Veitch-Michaelis, S Verpoest, D Veske, C Walck, W Wang, TB Watson, C Weaver, P Weigel, A Weindl, J Weldert, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, N Whitehorn, CH Wiebusch, N Willey, DR Williams, M Wolf, G Wrede, J Wulff, XW Xu, JP Yanez, E Yildizci, S Yoshida, S Yu, T Yuan, Z Zhang, P Zhelnin

Abstract:

Abstract IceCube, a cubic-kilometer array of optical sensors built to detect atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos between 1 GeV and 1 PeV, is deployed 1.45 km to 2.45 km below the surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole. The classification and reconstruction of events from the in-ice detectors play a central role in the analysis of data from IceCube. Reconstructing and classifying events is a challenge due to the irregular detector geometry, inhomogeneous scattering and absorption of light in the ice and, below 100 GeV, the relatively low number of signal photons produced per event. To address this challenge, it is possible to represent IceCube events as point cloud graphs and use a Graph Neural Network (GNN) as the classification and reconstruction method. The GNN is capable of distinguishing neutrino events from cosmic-ray backgrounds, classifying different neutrino event types, and reconstructing the deposited energy, direction and interaction vertex. Based on simulation, we provide a comparison in the 1 GeV–100 GeV energy range to the current state-of-the-art maximum likelihood techniques used in current IceCube analyses, including the effects of known systematic uncertainties. For neutrino event classification, the GNN increases the signal efficiency by 18% at a fixed background rate, compared to current IceCube methods. Alternatively, the GNN offers a reduction of the background (i.e. false positive) rate by over a factor 8 (to below half a percent) at a fixed signal efficiency. For the reconstruction of energy, direction, and interaction vertex, the resolution improves by an average of 13%–20% compared to current maximum likelihood techniques in the energy range of 1 GeV–30 GeV. The GNN, when run on a GPU, is capable of processing IceCube events at a rate nearly double of the median IceCube trigger rate of 2.7 kHz, which opens the possibility of using low energy neutrinos in online searches for transient events.

Searches for Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts Using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Astrophysical Journal 939:2 (2022)

Authors:

R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, JM Alameddine, AA Alves, NM Amin, K Andeen, T Anderson, G Anton, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Athanasiadou, S Axani, X Bai, AV Balagopal, SW Barwick, V Basu, S Baur, R Bay, JJ Beatty, KH Becker, JB Tjus, J Beise, C Bellenghi, S Benda, S Benzvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, M Boddenberg, F Bontempo, JY Book, J Borowka, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, E Bourbeau, F Bradascio, J Braun, B Brinson, S Bron, J Brostean-Kaiser, RT Burley, RS Busse, MA Campana, EG Carnie-Bronca, C Chen, Z Chen, D Chirkin, K Choi, BA Clark, K Clark, L Classen, A Coleman, GH Collin, A Connolly, JM Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, DF Cowen, R Cross, C Dappen, P Dave, CD Clercq, JJ Delaunay, DD López, H Dembinski, K Deoskar, A Desai, P Desiati, KDD Vries, GD Wasseige, T Deyoung, A Diaz, JC Díaz-Vélez, M Dittmer, H Dujmovic, MA Duvernois, T Ehrhardt, P Eller, R Engel, H Erpenbeck, J Evans, PA Evenson, KL Fan, AR Fazely, A Fedynitch, N Feigl, S Fiedlschuster, AT Fienberg, C Finley, L Fischer, D Fox

Abstract:

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are considered as promising sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) due to their large power output. Observing a neutrino flux from GRBs would offer evidence that GRBs are hadronic accelerators of UHECRs. Previous IceCube analyses, which primarily focused on neutrinos arriving in temporal coincidence with the prompt gamma-rays, found no significant neutrino excess. The four analyses presented in this paper extend the region of interest to 14 days before and after the prompt phase, including generic extended time windows and targeted precursor searches. GRBs were selected between 2011 May and 2018 October to align with the data set of candidate muon-neutrino events observed by IceCube. No evidence of correlation between neutrino events and GRBs was found in these analyses. Limits are set to constrain the contribution of the cosmic GRB population to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux observed by IceCube. Prompt neutrino emission from GRBs is limited to 21% of the observed diffuse neutrino flux, and emission on timescales up to 104 s is constrained to 24% of the total diffuse flux.

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