Distinguishing short鈥恡erm versus long鈥恡erm responses in cover鈥恈lass structured community dynamics: a test with grassland drought response
Ecology Letters Wiley 28:8 (2025) e70182
Authors:
Aryaman Gupta, Samuel Gascoigne, Gy枚rgy Barab谩s, Benjamin Wong Blonder, Man Qi, Erola Fenollosa Romani, Rachael Thornley, Christina Hernandez, Andrew Hector, Roberto Salguero-G贸mez
Abstract:
Climate change is increasing the magnitude and frequency of precipitation extremes. Consequently, grassland community dynamics are destabilising and becoming harder to predict since models typically simulate long-term (asymptotic) behaviour, potentially neglecting short-term (transient) behaviour. Here, we use cover data from an experiment performed over 8鈥墆ears to model short- and long-term responses of three functional groups (grasses, legumes, and non-leguminous forbs) to precipitation extremes. We use Integral Projection Models (IPMs) and pseudospectral theory to track transient grassland community dynamics driven by response lags and interannual shifts. We show that the cover-class structure and inter-cover-class interactions of functional groups make them transiently unstable but asymptotically stable, that is, disturbances are initially amplified before eventually dissipating. We also show that grasses dominate under irrigation, while legumes and forbs dominate under drought. We demonstrate that the pseudospectra of IPMs enable computationally and data-wise inexpensive assessment of whether transient dynamics drive community responses to disturbances.
