51ÁÔÆæÈë¿Ú

Abstract:

The dynamics of the deformations of a moving contact line on a disordered substrate are formulated, taking a proper account of the various interfacial forces as well as the dissipation mechanisms. Prompted by the results from dynamical renormalization group calculations, it is suggested that the coating transition in contact lines receding at relatively high velocities can be understood as a roughening transition in the contact line. A phase diagram is proposed for the system in which the phase boundaries corresponding to the coating transition and the pinning transition meet at a junction point, and suggest that for sufficiently strong disorder a receding contact line will leave a Landau-Levich film immediately after de-pinning.

Abstract:

The buckling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and rods was discussed. It was shown that electrostatic interactions exert a significant effect on the buckling instability of a rod. The threshold value of the compressional force needed to induce buckling was found to be independent of rod length for long charged rods. The critical buckling force crosses over from the classic inverse-square length dependence to asymptotic length-independent form with increasing rod length, in the case of rods of intermediate length. It was suggested that this effect leads to the possibility of electromechanical stiffening of nanotubes, which would allow relatively long segments of them to be used as atomic force probes.

Abstract:

The electrostatic contribution to the twist rigidity of DNA is studied, and it is shown that the Coulomb self-energy of the double-helical sugar-phosphate backbone makes a considerable contribution-the electrostatic twist rigidity of DNA is found to be C(elec) approximately 5 nm, which makes up about 7% of its total twist rigidity ( C(DNA) approximately 75 nm). The electrostatic twist rigidity is found, however, to depend only weakly on the salt concentration, because of a competition between two different screening mechanisms: (1) Debye screening by the salt ions in the bulk, and (2) structural screening by the periodic charge distribution along the backbone of the helical polyelectrolyte. It is found that, depending on the parameters, the electrostatic contribution to the twist rigidity could stabilize or destabilize the structure of a helical polyelectrolyte.

Abstract:

We propose a very simple one-dimensional swimmer consisting of three spheres that are linked by rigid rods whose lengths can change between two values. With a periodic motion in a nonreciprocal fashion, which breaks the time-reversal symmetry as well as the translational symmetry, we show that the model device can swim at low Reynolds number. This model system could be used in constructing molecular-sized machines.

Abstract:

The electrostatic contribution to the twist rigidity of DNA is studied, and it is shown that the Coulomb self-energy of the double-helical sugar-phosphate backbone makes a considerable contribution—the electrostatic twist rigidity of DNA is found to be [Formula presented], which makes up about [Formula presented] of its total twist rigidity [Formula presented]. The electrostatic twist rigidity is found, however, to depend only weakly on the salt concentration, because of a competition between two different screening mechanisms: (1) Debye screening by the salt ions in the bulk, and (2) structural screening by the periodic charge distribution along the backbone of the helical polyelectrolyte. It is found that, depending on the parameters, the electrostatic contribution to the twist rigidity could stabilize or destabilize the structure of a helical polyelectrolyte. © 2004 The American Physical Society.